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:''This article discusses Myanmar Railways, originally known as Burma Railways. For the article on the World War II railway between Thailand and Burma, see Burma Railway''. Myanmar Railways (MR) ((ビルマ語:မြန်မာ့ မီးရထား), ; also spelled Myanma Railways; formerly Burma Railways) is the state-owned agency that operates the railway network in Myanmar. The metre gauge rail network consists of 858 stations, and generally spans north to south with branch lines to east and west. MR also operates the Yangon Circular Railway line, Yangon's commuter rail network. MR operates 18 freight trains, and 379 passenger trains, transporting over 100,000 passengers daily. The quality of the railway infrastructure is generally poor. Most remains in poor repair, and is not passable during the monsoon season. The speeds of freight trains are heavily restricted on all existing links as a consequence of poor track and bridge conditions. The maximum speed for freight trains has been quoted as , suggesting that commercial speeds on this section could be as low as .〔 MR has steadily increased the reach of its network in the last two decades, from nearly 3200 km in 1988 to 5403 km in 2010. MR is currently undertaking an ambitious expansion program that will add another to its network, including extensions to Myeik in the south, Kyaingtong in the east, Sittwe in the west.〔 Also, conversion from metre gauge to standard gauge is proposed. ==History== (詳細はLower Burma was a British colony with the opening of the Yangon to Pyay line by ''The Irrawaddy Valley State Railway''. In 1884, a new company, ''The Sittang Valley State Railway'', opened a line along the Sittaung River from Yangon to the town of Taungoo via Bago. After the annexation of Upper Burma following the Third Anglo-Burmese War of 1885, the British extended the Taungoo line to Mandalay, the fallen capital, by 1889. Following the opening of this section, the Mu Valley State Railway was formed and construction began on a railway line from Sagaing to Myitkyina and connected Mandalay to Shwebo in 1891, to Wuntho in 1893,〔Dautremer, Joseph (1913) ''Burma under British Rule'' (translated from Dautremer, Joseph (1912) ''La Birmanie sous le régime britannique: une colonie modèle'' Guilmoto, Paris, ) T.F. Unwin, London, page 205, ; (full text pp. 194-213 ) from the online library eBooksRead.com〕 to Katha in 1895, and to Myitkyina in 1898. In 1896, before the completion of the line to Myitkyina, the three companies were combined into the Burma Railway Company as a state owned public undertaking. The railway was known as Burma Railways between 1928 and 1989. The railway's reach to the Taninthayi coast first came in 1907 with the opening of the Bago-Mottama line. Passengers had to take a ferry over the Thanlwin River (Salween River) to Mawlamyaing. In 1942, the country had (route-km) of metre gauge track, but during World War II the Japanese removed about . By the end of the conflict only (route-km) was operational, in four isolated sections. They constructed the only international link the country has enjoyed, from Thanbyusayat Junction via Three Pagodas Pass to Thailand, the short-lived Death Railway. After Myanmar gained independence from the UK in 1948, the rail network was rebuilt. By 1961 the network extended to , and then remained constant until the opening of a line from Kyaukpadaung to Kyini in October 1970. In 1988, MR operated 487 railway stations over a long network. Since coming to power in 1988, the current military government has embarked on a railway construction program, and by 2000 MR operated (track-km) divided into 11 operating divisions. Most of the routes are single track although large parts of Yangon-Pyay and Yangon-Mandalay routes are double track.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Myanmar Railways」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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